====== apt command cheatsheet ====== ===== check apt history for manually installed packages ===== $ zgrep 'Commandline: apt' /var/log/apt/history.log /var/log/apt/history.log.*.gz ===== upgrade all packages ===== $ sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade (=> ubuntu & debian) $ sudo apk update && sudo apk upgrade (=> alpine) ===== repository xxx changed its 'Version' value from 'x' to 'x' ===== apt-get update --allow-releaseinfo-change ===== install a new package ===== $ sudo apt install (=> ubuntu & debian) $ sudo apk add (=> alpine) ===== un-install packages ===== $ sudo apt remove (=> ubuntu & debian) $ sudo apk del (=> alpine) ===== execute a release upgrade (eg from 20.04 to 22.04) ===== $ screen do-release-upgrade # Run this command in a separate screen, so you can recover in case of connection problems during the installation process. # Alternative SSH-port usring installation is 1022 # # reattach to a running screen: $ screen -r # # Some third party entries in your sources.list were disabled. You can # re-enable them after the upgrade with the 'software-properties' tool # or your package manager. ===== upgrade to a newer kernel ===== $ apt-cache search linux-image linux-headers-5.10.0-16-amd64 - Header files for Linux 5.10.0-16-amd64 linux-headers-5.10.0-16-cloud-amd64 - Header files for Linux 5.10.0-16-cloud-amd64 linux-headers-5.10.0-16-rt-amd64 - Header files for Linux 5.10.0-16-rt-amd64 linux-headers-5.10.0-18-amd64 - Header files for Linux 5.10.0-18-amd64 linux-headers-5.10.0-18-cloud-amd64 - Header files for Linux 5.10.0-18-cloud-amd64 ~ linux-image-5.10.0-18-amd64 - Linux 5.10 for 64-bit PCs (signed) linux-image-5.10.0-18-cloud-amd64 - Linux 5.10 for x86-64 cloud (signed) linux-image-5.10.0-18-rt-amd64 - Linux 5.10 for 64-bit PCs, PREEMPT_RT (signed) ~ pve-kernel-5.19.7-1-pve - Proxmox Kernel Image pve-kernel-5.19.7-2-pve - Proxmox Kernel Image pve-kernel-5.19 - Latest Proxmox VE Kernel Image $ sudo apt install pve-kernel-5.19 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: pve-kernel-5.19.17-1-pve The following NEW packages will be installed: pve-kernel-5.19 pve-kernel-5.19.17-1-pve 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 77.6 MB of archives. After this operation, 412 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://download.proxmox.com/debian/pve bullseye/pve-no-subscription amd64 pve-kernel-5.19.17-1-pve amd64 5.19.17-1 [77.6 MB] Get:2 http://download.proxmox.com/debian/pve bullseye/pve-no-subscription amd64 pve-kernel-5.19 all 7.2-14 [5,028 B] Fetched 77.6 MB in 7s (11.5 MB/s) Selecting previously unselected package pve-kernel-5.19.17-1-pve. (Reading database ... 43826 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../pve-kernel-5.19.17-1-pve_5.19.17-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking pve-kernel-5.19.17-1-pve (5.19.17-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package pve-kernel-5.19. Preparing to unpack .../pve-kernel-5.19_7.2-14_all.deb ... Unpacking pve-kernel-5.19 (7.2-14) ... Setting up pve-kernel-5.19.17-1-pve (5.19.17-1) ... Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 5.19.17-1-pve /boot/vmlinuz-5.19.17-1-pve run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 5.19.17-1-pve /boot/vmlinuz-5.19.17-1-pve update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.19.17-1-pve Running hook script 'zz-proxmox-boot'.. Re-executing '/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-proxmox-boot' in new private mount namespace.. No /etc/kernel/proxmox-boot-uuids found, skipping ESP sync. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/proxmox-auto-removal 5.19.17-1-pve /boot/vmlinuz-5.19.17-1-pve run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-proxmox-boot 5.19.17-1-pve /boot/vmlinuz-5.19.17-1-pve Re-executing '/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-proxmox-boot' in new private mount namespace.. No /etc/kernel/proxmox-boot-uuids found, skipping ESP sync. run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 5.19.17-1-pve /boot/vmlinuz-5.19.17-1-pve Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.19.17-1-pve Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.19.17-1-pve Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.74-1-pve Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.15.74-1-pve Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin Found memtest86+ multiboot image: /boot/memtest86+_multiboot.bin Warning: os-prober will not be executed to detect other bootable partitions. Systems on them will not be added to the GRUB boot configuration. Check GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER documentation entry. Adding boot menu entry for UEFI Firmware Settings ... done Setting up pve-kernel-5.19 (7.2-14) ... ===== Back-up a list of all installed packages on your system ===== dpkg --get-selections > packages.lst ===== Restore a list of all installed packages on your system ===== TBD