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--- other:techglos [2023/03/07 22:33] – [Brew Cask] kamaradski
+++ other:techglos [2023/03/14 13:58] (current) – [Brew Cask] kamaradski
@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 >
 > One of the key advantages of Ansible is its agentless architecture, which allows it to manage systems without needing to install any additional software or agents on the target systems. Ansible can also be easily integrated with other tools and technologies, making it a versatile and flexible automation solution.
+==== application programming interface (api) ====
+> API stands for "Application Programming Interface." It is a set of protocols, tools, and standards that define how software components should interact with each other. APIs enable software developers to create applications that can interact with other software systems, devices, or services in a standardized and predictable way.
+>
+> APIs can be thought of as the "middleman" between different software systems. They allow applications to request data, access services, and perform other operations from other software systems, regardless of the programming language, platform, or architecture used by those systems.
+>
+> APIs can be classified into two main categories: internal APIs and external APIs. Internal APIs are used within a particular organization to allow different software components to communicate with each other. External APIs, on the other hand, are made available to third-party developers outside of the organization to enable them to build applications that can interact with the organization's software systems.
+>
+> APIs can be implemented using different technologies, including HTTP/HTTPS, REST, SOAP, and others. These technologies define the protocols, data formats, and other standards that the API uses to interact with other software systems.
+>
+> APIs have become increasingly popular in recent years, with the rise of web-based and cloud-based software systems. Many organizations have opened up their APIs to third-party developers to enable them to build applications that can interact with their software systems. This has led to the creation of new business models, such as API monetization, where organizations charge for access to their APIs.
+==== arithmetic ====
+> Arithmetic refers to the branch of mathematics that deals with the study of numbers and basic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Arithmetic is one of the most fundamental and widely used branches of mathematics, and is essential for a wide range of practical applications, including engineering, science, finance, and computer programming.
+>
+> Arithmetic is typically taught in primary and secondary school, and involves the study of whole numbers, fractions, decimals, and other numerical concepts. The basic operations of arithmetic are used to perform calculations and solve problems in a wide range of fields, and are often automated using software tools such as calculators and spreadsheets.
 ==== artificial intelligence (ai) ====
@@ Line 17: / Line 36: @@
 > AI has many practical applications in a wide range of industries, from healthcare and finance to transportation and manufacturing. Some examples of AI-powered technologies include voice assistants like Siri and Alexa, image recognition systems, and self-driving cars.
 ===== b =====
+==== boolean ====
+> Boolean is a data type in computer programming that represents two possible states: true or false. Boolean values are typically used in conditional statements, where they are used to test whether a condition is true or false and determine the flow of program execution accordingly.
+>
+>In most programming languages, boolean values are represented using the keywords "true" and "false", and are used extensively in logical operations, such as AND, OR, and NOT. Boolean values can also be derived from comparison operations, such as greater than or less than, and can be combined using logical operators to create complex logical expressions.
+>
+>Boolean values are used in a wide range of applications and programming scenarios, and are an essential tool for many programming tasks. They are used in control structures, such as loops and conditional statements, and are also used extensively in user interface design, input validation, and error handling.
 ==== Brew Cask ====
@@ Line 28: / Line 55: @@
 ==== brew formulae ====
-> see also [[other:techglos#homebrew|homebrew]]
+> see also [[other:techglos#homebrew|homebrew]] & [[howto:caskvsformulae|homebrew: cask vs formulae]]
 >
 > Brew Formulae, commonly referred to as "formulae" or "formulas," are the individual packages that can be installed using the Homebrew package manager for macOS and Linux operating systems. Brew is a popular and widely used package manager that provides an easy and efficient way to install and manage software packages, libraries, and other dependencies on a system.
@@ Line 51: / Line 78: @@
 >
 > tl;dr: the CPU is one of the most important components of a computer system, as it is responsible for executing the instructions that make software applications and operating systems work. As computing needs continue to grow, CPUs are continually evolving to offer faster and more efficient performance, allowing for more complex and demanding applications to be run on computers.
+==== cron ====
+> Cron is a time-based job scheduler in Unix-like operating systems. It allows users to schedule repetitive tasks or commands to be executed at specific times or intervals. Cron works by reading a table of scheduled commands, called a "crontab," and executing the commands at the specified times.
+>
+> Cron jobs can be scheduled to run at specific times, such as every day at midnight, or at specific intervals, such as every hour or every five minutes. The crontab can also specify the user account that the command should be run under, and the output of the command can be directed to a file or sent as an email.
 ==== cryptography ====
@@ Line 86: / Line 119: @@
 >
 > tl;dr: errors are a common part of programming, and learning how to identify and resolve them is an essential skill for any developer. Properly handling errors enables developers to create more robust and reliable software that is less likely to produce unexpected or undesired results.
+==== Escape characters ====
+> In computer programming and computing, an escape character is a character that signals the beginning of an escape sequence. An escape sequence is a series of characters that are used to represent characters that cannot be represented directly in the source code or input data.
+>
+> For example, in many programming languages, the backslash \ character is used as an escape character. When followed by another character, the backslash signals the beginning of an escape sequence that represents a special character or sequence of characters. For example, the sequence "\n" represents a newline character, and the sequence "\t" represents a tab character.
+>
+> Escape characters are commonly used in programming to represent characters that cannot be directly represented in code, such as control characters or non-printable characters. They are also used in regular expressions to match specific patterns of characters, and in command-line interfaces to input special characters or sequences of characters.
 ===== f =====
+==== floating-point number ====
+> A floating-point number, also known as a floating-point value, is a numerical value that represents a real number with a fractional part. In computer programming, floating-point numbers are represented using a fixed number of bits, and are used to represent a wide range of values, including decimal numbers and scientific notation.
+>
+> Floating-point numbers are commonly used in scientific and engineering applications, where precision and accuracy are important. They are typically represented using a standardized format, such as the IEEE 754 floating-point standard, which specifies the encoding of floating-point numbers and the rules for arithmetic operations involving floating-point numbers.
+>
+> One of the main characteristics of floating-point numbers is their ability to represent both very large and very small numbers with a high degree of precision. However, due to the limited number of bits used to represent floating-point numbers, there are some limitations to their precision, and rounding errors can occur in complex arithmetic operations.
 ==== forking ====
@@ Line 95: / Line 144: @@
 >
 > When a project is forked, the new copy of the codebase becomes a separate and distinct project, with its own development community, codebase, and direction. Forking can occur for many reasons, including differences in opinion on project direction, disagreements with the original developers, or the desire to create a new and improved version of the software.
+==== free and open-source software (foss) ====
+> FOSS stands for "Free and Open-Source Software," and refers to software that is freely available to use, modify, and distribute under a specific set of license terms. FOSS software is often created and maintained by a community of developers, who collaborate on the codebase and contribute improvements and bug fixes over time.
+>
+> FOSS software is typically licensed under one of several open-source licenses, such as the GNU General Public License (GPL) or the Apache License. These licenses specify the conditions under which the software can be used, modified, and distributed, and typically require that any modifications or derivative works also be made available under the same license terms.
 ==== function ====
@@ Line 142: / Line 197: @@
 ===== i =====
+==== idempotency ====
+> Idempotency is a term used in computer science, mathematics, and engineering to describe the property of an operation or function that can be applied multiple times without changing the result beyond the initial application. In other words, an idempotent operation can be repeated multiple times with the same input, and it will always produce the same output.
+>
+> Idempotency is an essential concept in various fields, including database systems, network protocols, and distributed systems. In these contexts, idempotency ensures that the same operation can be safely executed multiple times without causing unintended side effects or altering the system's state.
+>
+> For example, consider a bank transfer operation that debits a certain amount of money from one account and credits it to another account. This operation is idempotent if it can be repeated multiple times without causing any issues, even if it has already been executed. In other words, the transfer operation should be designed such that executing it twice does not result in a double debit or double credit.
+>
+> Another example of an idempotent operation is the HTTP DELETE request method. When a client sends a DELETE request to a server, the server will delete the resource specified in the request. If the same DELETE request is sent multiple times, the server will still delete the resource only once, and subsequent requests will result in a 404 response indicating that the resource no longer exists.
+==== integer ====
+> In computer programming and mathematics, an integer is a whole number that can be represented without a fractional or decimal component. Integers can be positive, negative, or zero, and are typically represented using a finite number of bits in computer systems.
+>
+> Integers are used extensively in computer programming and mathematics, and are used to represent a wide range of values, including counts, indices, and measurements. They are essential for many practical applications, such as cryptography, computer graphics, and numerical analysis.
 ==== internet of things (iot) ====
@@ Line 299: / Line 369: @@
 > tl;dr: transistors are a fundamental component of modern electronics, and are used in a wide variety of applications, from small-scale integrated circuits to large power electronics.
+==== typecasting ====
+> Typecasting, also known as type conversion, is the process of changing the data type of a variable or value from one data type to another. Typecasting is commonly used in computer programming, where it is used to convert data types to facilitate operations and calculations.
+>
+> In most programming languages, data types are classified into several categories, such as integer, floating-point, character, and boolean. Typecasting allows variables or values of one data type to be converted into another data type, which can be useful in a wide range of programming scenarios.
+>
+> There are two main types of typecasting: implicit typecasting and explicit typecasting. Implicit typecasting occurs automatically when the compiler or interpreter recognizes that a data type needs to be converted. Explicit typecasting, on the other hand, requires the programmer to explicitly specify the data type conversion using a casting operator.
 ===== u =====

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